If your face frequently flushes red for more than about ten minutes after exercise, drinking alcohol, being outdoors in warm weather, or other common triggers, you may have what’s called erythematotelangiectatic rosacea (ETR). This type of rosacea is characterized by facial flushing and broken blood vessels, which are likely caused by years of dilating and constricting.

Flushing and redness can also be present with papulopustular rosacea, but papules or acne-like bumps will also appear on top of redness. Some evidence suggests that this subtype could be associated with allergy-like responses within your body’s immune system. Other studies have shown an association with gut microbiota (bacteria). Additional research is still needed to uncover the exact cause of rosacea.

Rosacea subtype three is characterized by thick, red skin that usually develops on the nose but can also affect the chin, ears, forehead, and eyelids. Although rosacea is more common in fair-skinned women than in men, phymatous rosacea is most commonly seen in men.

Sun protection, trigger avoidance, and medical-grade treatment are the best ways to manage phymatous rosacea. As with other subtypes, catching it early is crucial for minimizing symptoms.

Many people who struggle with red, burning, stinging, or uncomfortable eyes do not realize they could have ocular rosacea. This type of rosacea often occurs in conjunction with subtype 1—facial redness, flushing, and broken blood vessels. Sometimes, ocular rosacea develops before symptoms appear on the skin.